How does a centrifugal pump primarily function?

A centrifugal pump primarily functions by using a rotating impeller to move fluid. The mechanism is designed such that when the impeller spins, it imparts kinetic energy to the fluid, causing it to move from the pump's inlet to the outlet. The velocity of the fluid increases as it travels through the impeller, and this movement is typically facilitated by the shape of the pump casing, which converts the kinetic energy into pressure, allowing the fluid to be discharged effectively.

Understanding the operation of a centrifugal pump is essential, as it highlights its efficiency in handling large volumes of liquids at relatively low pressures, making them ideal for various applications such as water supply, irrigation, and industrial processes. The rotating impeller is a key component that differentiates centrifugal pumps from other types like positive displacement pumps, which rely on mechanical action like pistons or plungers to push fluid.