What characterizes Alternating Current (AC)?

Alternating Current (AC) is characterized by its periodic reversal of direction. In an AC circuit, the flow of electric charge changes direction periodically, typically in a sinusoidal waveform. This means that the voltage level alternates between positive and negative values over time. In household power supplies, for example, this alternating nature is what allows for efficient transmission over long distances and the ability to power various electrical devices using a common form of electricity.

Understanding how AC operates is crucial because it behaves differently from direct current (DC), which flows consistently in one direction. The characteristics of AC also make it suitable for various applications, including industrial and residential use, due to its ability to easily transform voltages and maintain consistent power delivery over distances. This periodic change is fundamental to its use in a vast array of applications, from power grids to consumer appliances.