What is the role of an impeller in a centrifugal pump?

The role of an impeller in a centrifugal pump is to accelerate fluid outwards. The impeller is a rotating component that transfers energy to the fluid, typically through the action of centrifugal force. As the impeller spins, it imparts kinetic energy to the fluid, causing it to move away from the center of the impeller’s rotation. This outward movement creates a pressure differential that allows the fluid to be drawn into the pump inlet and subsequently pushed through the discharge pipe.

The design of the impeller plays a crucial role in the pump's efficiency and performance, as the blade shape, size, and angle determine how effectively it can accelerate the fluid. By converting mechanical energy into hydraulic energy, the impeller is essential for the pump's operation and is a key element in the overall fluid transfer process.

Understanding the function of the impeller helps in recognizing its importance in various pumping applications, including water supply, wastewater treatment, and industrial processes.